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Home  ›  Do Any Other Animals Have Wisdom Teeth

Do Any Other Animals Have Wisdom Teeth

Written By Sunday, 22 May 2022 Add Comment Edit

Set of molars that erupt later in life

Wisdom tooth
Weisheitszähne-1.jpg

Wisdom teeth
3D CT impacted wisdom tooth.Gif

3D CT of an impacted wisdom tooth near the inferior alveolar nerve
Details
Identifiers
Latin dens molaris tertius
MeSH D008964
TA98 A05.1.03.008
TA2 911
FMA 321612
Anatomical terminology

[edit on Wikidata]

A third molar, commonly called a wisdom molar, is one of the three molars per quadrant of the homo dentition. Information technology is the almost posterior of the three. The age at which wisdom teeth come up through (erupt) is variable,[1] but this generally occurs between late teens and early twenties.[2] Most adults accept four wisdom teeth, one in each of the iv quadrants, but information technology is possible to take none, one to 3, or more than than iv, in which instance the extras are called supernumerary teeth.

Wisdom teeth may get stuck (impacted) confronting other teeth if there is not enough space for them to come through ordinarily.[3] Impacted wisdom teeth are withal sometimes removed for orthodontic handling, believing that they move the other teeth and cause crowding, though this is not held anymore as true.[4] Impacted wisdom teeth may suffer from tooth decay if oral hygiene becomes more difficult. Wisdom teeth which are partially erupted through the glue may too crusade inflammation[3] and infection in the surrounding gum tissues, termed pericoronitis. Some more conservative treatments, such as operculectomies, may be plumbing fixtures for some cases, all the same impacted wisdom teeth are commonly extracted every bit handling for these problems, many times before these problems even occur. Some institutions and researchers oppose this preventive removal of illness-free impacted wisdom teeth, among them the Britain's National Health Service and National Institute for Health and Care Excellence.[iv] [five] [6]

Structure [edit]

Tooth morphology [edit]

Morphology of wisdom teeth can be variable.

Maxillary (upper) tertiary molars commonly accept a triangular crown with a deep central fossa from which multiple irregular fissures originate. Their roots are commonly fused together and tin exist irregular in shape.

Mandibular 3rd molars are the smallest molar teeth in the permanent dentition. The crown usually takes on a rounded rectangular shape that features four or five cusps with an irregular fissure pattern. Roots are greatly reduced in size and can exist fused together.[7]

Dental notation [edit]

There are several notation systems used in dentistry to identify teeth, including the Palmer/Zsigmondy Arrangement. Under the Palmer/Zsigmondy arrangement, the right and left maxillary wisdom teeth are represented by viii┘ and └8, whereas 8┐and ┌8  symbols are used to represent the right and left mandibular wisdom teeth. Another unremarkably used method of dental notation is the FDI notational system. Under this arrangement, the right and left maxillary third molars are represented by eighteen and 28 respectively and the correct and left mandibular third molars are numbered as 48 and 38. According to the Universal Numbering System the correct and left upper wisdom teeth are labelled ane and 16 and the right and left lower wisdom teeth are assigned 17 and 32 respectively.

Variation [edit]

Agenesis of wisdom teeth differs past population, ranging from practically zilch in Aboriginal Tasmanians to nearly 100% in indigenous Mexicans.[8] [9] The departure is related to the PAX9, and MSX1 gene (and perhaps other genes).[10] [xi] [12] [thirteen]

Historic period of eruption [edit]

In that location is significant variation between the reported historic period of eruption of wisdom teeth betwixt different populations.[14] For example, wisdom teeth tend to erupt earlier in people with African heritage compared to Asian and European heritage.[fourteen]

Generally wisdom teeth erupt virtually unremarkably between age 17 and 21.[1] Eruption may start as early as historic period 13 in some groups[14] and typically occurs before the age of 25.[15] If they have non erupted by age 25, oral surgeons more often than not consider that the molar will not erupt spontaneously.[two]

Root development tin can continue for upward to 3 years subsequently eruption occurs.[sixteen]

Clinical significance [edit]

A wisdom molar protrudes outwards from the gumline with inflamed tissue at the back (pericoronitis; green arrow)

Wisdom teeth (oft notated clinically as M3 for 3rd tooth) are the most commonly impacted teeth in the human being mouth.[17] Impacted wisdom teeth lead to pathology in 12% of cases.[18]

Some problems which may or may not occur with tertiary molars: A Mesio-impacted, partially erupted mandibular tertiary molar, B Dental caries and periodontal defects associated with both the third and second molars, caused by nutrient packing and poor access to oral hygiene methods, C Inflamed operculum covering partially erupted lower third molar, with accumulation of food debris and bacteria underneath, D The upper 3rd tooth has over-erupted due to lack of opposing tooth contact, and may beginning to traumatically occlude into the operculum over the lower third tooth. Unopposed teeth are usually precipitous considering they accept non been blunted past another tooth.

Dental x-ray of impacted lower left wisdom tooth with a horizontal orientation

Impacted wisdom teeth are classified by the direction and depth of impaction, the corporeality of available space for tooth eruption and the corporeality soft tissue or bone that covers them. The classification structure allows clinicians to estimate the probabilities of impaction, infections and complications associated with wisdom teeth removal.[19] Wisdom teeth are also classified by the presence of symptoms and disease.[twenty]

Handling of an erupted wisdom molar is the same as any other tooth in the rima oris. If impacted and having a pathology, such as caries or pericoronitis, handling tin can exist dental restoration, common salt h2o rinses, local treatment to the infected tissue overlying the impaction,[21] : 440–441 oral antibiotics, operculectomy, or if those failed, extraction or coronectomy.

Mutual pathologies [edit]

Odontogenic infections are a dental complication originating inside the molar or in close proximity to the surrounding tissues. At that place are unlike types of odontogenic infections which may bear upon impacted wisdom teeth such equally periodontitis, pulpitis, dental abscess and pericoronitis.

Pericoronitis is a common pathology of impacted third tooth.[22] It is an astute localized infection of the tissue surrounding the impacted wisdom teeth. Clinically the tissue appears to exist red, tender to touch and edematous. The mutual symptoms patients report are pain 'that ranges from dull to throbbing to intense' and often radiates to mouth, ear or floor of the mouth. Moreover, swelling of the cheek, halitosis and trismus can occur.[23]

Odontogenic cysts are a less common pathology of the impacted wisdom tooth. They are described as 'cavities filled with liquid, semiliquid or gaseous content with odontogenic epithelial lining and connective tissue on the exterior'. Still, studies take found cysts to be prevalent in a small percentage of impacted wisdom teeth that are extracted. The most mutual types associated with impacted tertiary molars are radicular cysts, dentigerous cysts and odontogenic keratocysts.[24]

Oral hygiene [edit]

Practice and maintenance of good oral hygiene tin assist prevent and control some wisdom tooth pathologies. In improver to twice daily toothbrushing, interdental cleaning is recommended to ensure plaque build doesn't occur in interdental areas. There are diverse products available for this – dental floss and interdental brushes existence the most common.

Removal of impacted wisdom teeth [edit]

Removal of asymptomatic impacted wisdom teeth with the absenteeism of disease and no bear witness of local infection equally a prophylactic method has been disputed within the dental customs for a long time. There is insufficient, reliable scientific evidence for dental health professionals and policy makers to determine if asymptomatic affliction-costless impacted wisdom teeth should be removed. Therefore, the decision volition depend on a combination of clinical expertise and patient preference. If the tooth is retained, regular check-ups to place any problems that may occur is recommended. Considering the lack of quality evidence now, more long-term studies need to exist undertaken to obtain a reliable scientific decision.[25]

Mandibular third molar surgery recovery [edit]

Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is a postoperative method used to heal the alveolar socket following the removal of the mandibular third molar. PRF is a 2d generation result of the isolation of platelets, white blood cells, stem cells and growth factors from blood samples. Studies have shown that when used there are improvements in pain sensations, swelling and a decreased adventure of developing dry socket. This method was shown to only reduce symptoms and is not completely preventive. To date there is no clear correlation between the use of PRF later on a mandibular third molar removal surgery and the recovery of jaw spasms, bone restoration and soft tissue healing. Farther studies with larger study samples are needed to validate current theories.[26]

Prognosis [edit]

Virtually a third of symptomatic unerupted wisdom teeth have been shown to partially erupt and exist non-functional or non-aseptic. Studies have also shown that 30% to 60% of people with a previously asymptomatic impacted wisdom teeth will accept an extraction of at least one of them in iv to 12 years from diagnosis.[27]

Run a risk factors of inferior alveolar nerve harm [edit]

Temporary and permanent junior alveolar nerve (IAN) damage is a known complication of the surgical removal of impacted lower third molars, happening in ane in 85 and 1 in 300 extractions, respectively. Studies have shown that certain risk factors may increment the likelihood of IAN impairment. Proximity of the impacted third molar root to the mandibular canal, which tin exist seen in radiographs, has been shown to exist a loftier-risk factor for IAN damage. Aslope this, the depth of impaction of the molar, surgical technique and surgeons feel are all contributing take chances factors for IAN damage during this procedure. Careful instance-by-example consideration is crucial to avoid this risk.[28]

Lower anterior teeth crowding [edit]

Lower inductive teeth crowding has been a common word among the orthodontic community for decades. In the 1970s it was thought that unerupted wisdom teeth produced a forward directed force which would cause crowding of the inductive segment. Recent research has shown that there is no agreed opinion and that the cause is due to a variety of factors. This includes dental factors such as molar crown size and primary tooth loss. Skeletal factors which include growth of the maxilla and mandible and the presence of malocclusions. Full general factors, including the historic period and gender of the patient. Overall, recent research has suggested that wisdom teeth alone exercise non crusade crowding of teeth. [29]

History [edit]

Although formally known as third molars, the mutual name is wisdom teeth because they announced so tardily – much later than the other teeth, at an age where people are presumably "wiser" than every bit a child, when the other teeth erupt.[30] The term probably came every bit a translation of the Latin dens sapientiae. Their eruption has been known to cause dental issues for millennia; it was noted at to the lowest degree as far back as Aristotle:

The last teeth to come in homo are molars called 'wisdom-teeth', which come at the historic period of twenty years, in the case of both sexes. Cases have been known in women upwards of fourscore years erstwhile where at the very shut of life the wisdom-teeth have come, causing groovy hurting in their coming; and cases have been known of the like miracle in men besides. This happens, when information technology does happen, in the case of people where the wisdom-teeth have non come upwardly in early on years.

—Aristotle, The History of Animals [31]

The oldest known impacted wisdom tooth belonged to a European woman who lived between thirteen,000 and eleven,000 BC in the Magdalenian period.[32] Molar impaction was relatively rare prior to the modern era. With the Industrial Revolution, the status became x times more common due to the consumption of softer foods during babyhood,[33] leading to smaller (shorter) jaws in the adults, without enough room for the wisdom teeth to erupt, and then, to impacted wisdom teeth.[34]

Come across too [edit]

References [edit]

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  2. ^ a b Swift JQ, Nelson WJ (September 2012). "The nature of third molars: are third molars dissimilar than other teeth?". Atlas of the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics of North America. xx (two): 159–62. doi:10.1016/j.cxom.2012.07.003. PMID 23021392.
  3. ^ a b "Wisdom Teeth And Orthodontic Treatment: Should I be worried?". Orthodontics Australia. 2020-01-25. Retrieved 2020-xi-xix .
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  14. ^ a b c Tsokos G (2008). Forensic Pathology Reviews 5. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 281. ISBN9781597451109.
  15. ^ "Wisdom Teeth". American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Retrieved 2019-11-19 . They come in betwixt the ages of 17 and 25, a time of life that has been called the "Age of Wisdom."
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  17. ^ "Which teeth are most often impacted?". Healthline. 22 May 2018.
  18. ^ Stanley Hour, Alattar M, Collett WK, Stringfellow 60 minutes, Spiegel EH (March 1988). "Pathological sequelae of "neglected" impacted third molars". Journal of Oral Pathology. 17 (3): 113–7. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0714.1988.tb01896.x. PMID 3135372.
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  24. ^ Borrás-Ferreres J, Sánchez-Torres A, Gay-Escoda C (December 2016). "Malignant changes developing from odontogenic cysts: A systematic review". Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry. eight (5): e622–e628. doi:10.4317/jced.53256. PMC5149102. PMID 27957281.
  25. ^ Ghaeminia, Hossein; Nienhuijs, Marloes El; Toedtling, Verena; Perry, John; Tummers, Marcia; Hoppenreijs, Theo Jm; Van der Sanden, Wil Jm; Mettes, Theodorus 1000. (2020-05-04). "Surgical removal versus retentivity for the management of asymptomatic disease-free impacted wisdom teeth". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 5: CD003879. doi:ten.1002/14651858.CD003879.pub5. ISSN 1469-493X. PMC7199383. PMID 32368796.
  26. ^ Xiang, Xu; Shi, Ping; Zhang, Ping; Shen, Jun; Kang, Jian (2019-07-25). "Impact of platelet-rich fibrin on mandibular third molar surgery recovery: a systematic review and meta-analysis". BMC Oral Health. 19 (1): 163. doi:10.1186/s12903-019-0824-3. ISSN 1472-6831. PMC6659259. PMID 31345203.
  27. ^ Dodson, Thomas B.; Susarla, Srinivas G. (2014-08-29). "Impacted wisdom teeth". BMJ Clinical Evidence. 2014: 1302. ISSN 1752-8526. PMC4148832. PMID 25170946.
  28. ^ Kang, F.; Sah, Grand.Thousand.; Fei, G. (February 2020). "Determining the risk relationship associated with inferior alveolar nerve injury post-obit removal of mandibular third tooth teeth: A systematic review". Periodical of Stomatology, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 121 (1): 63–69. doi:10.1016/j.jormas.2019.06.010. PMID 31476533. S2CID 201805670.
  29. ^ Stanaitytė, Rūta; Trakinienė, Giedrė; Gervickas, Albinas (2014). "Do wisdom teeth induce lower anterior teeth crowding? A systematic literature review". Stomatologija. xvi (1): 15–18. ISSN 1822-301X. PMID 24824055.
  30. ^ "Wisdom tooth". Oxford English language Dictionary. Oxford: Oxford University Printing. 1989. ISBN0-19-861186-2.
  31. ^ Aristotle (2015). The History of Animals . Translated by D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson. Aeterna Press. p. 49.
  32. ^ "Magdalenian Girl is a woman and therefore has oldest recorded case of impacted wisdom teeth" (Press release). Field Museum of Natural History. March vii, 2006. Retrieved February 15, 2013.
  33. ^ "What teeth reveal about the lives of modern humans". Retrieved 2018-x-22 .
  34. ^ von Cramon-Taubadel Due north (December 2011). "Global human mandibular variation reflects differences in agricultural and hunter-gatherer subsistence strategies". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United states of America. 108 (49): 19546–51. Bibcode:2011PNAS..10819546V. doi:x.1073/pnas.1113050108. PMC3241821. PMID 22106280.

External links [edit]

  • National Institute of Clinical Health and Excellence Guideline to Wisdom teeth removal
  • Wisdom tooth extraction WebMD article

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wisdom_tooth

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